Research progress on approach for mining ecological restoration, emission reduction and carbon sink growth under the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality

The exploitation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources promote China's economic growth and social progress. However, mining process has caused negative impact to ecological environment and carbon sink level of mining ecosystem. In order to improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration of mines, the environmental problems caused by mining process were summarized comprehensively, such as land resource destruction, water pollution, and biodiversity reduction. The progress of ecological restoration of mines in China was introduced from the policies and restoration technology methods. Meanwhile, the weak environmental protection awareness, single restoration mode and unbalanced multiple incentives in the process of mine ecological restoration were analyzed. In addition, the mine ecological restoration measures were expounded by establishing the concept of emission reduction and carbon sink growth, promoting energy-saving and emissionreduction technologies, carrying out the resource utilization of "waste water, waste gas, and solid waste" in mining areas, and strengthening ecological restoration technologies for mine. Finally, this work proposed the strategies and approaches for ecological restoration of mines under the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It will provide theoretical support for strengthening the remediation of mines ecological environment and enhancing the function of carbon sink.