Abstract: KH₂PO₄, Fe(C₅H₅)₂ and KHCO₃ were used as main materials to prepare ultrafine particles aerosol for the study of mine fire prevention and control effect, thermal analysis (TG/DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other microscopic test methods were used to analyze the structure and combustion characteristics of coal samples before and after aerosol treatment. TG/DSC tests showed that the combustion reaction activation energy of coal samples treated with ultrafine particles aerosol of KH₂PO₄, Fe(C₅H₅)₂ and KHCO₃ increased in the range from 300 ℃ to 550 ℃, indicating that these three materials could inhibit lignite combustion. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test found that the mass fraction of functional groups of coal samples changed after KH₂PO₄ and Fe(C₅H₅)₂ treatment. SEM test diagram showed that ultrafine particles aerosol of KH₂PO₄, Fe(C₅H₅)₂, KHCO₃ will adhere to the surface of coal at high temperature, preventing further combustion of coal. The combined research results show that sylvite and ferrocene ultrafine particles have good potential as cold aerosol to prevent coal spontaneous combustion.