Abstract: Occupational disease is one of the most important factors that restrict the development of our society,it is of great significance to analyze and study it in depth. Taking the preparation workshop of Tiedong Coal Preparation Plant as an example, the subject and object of occupational hazard factors were systematically summarized, the correlation pattern among factors was determined, and the qualitative analysis of each factor was carried out. On this basis, the priority of each factor was determined and the mathematical model was established. The proposed scheme was quantitatively calculated and the optimal scheme of occupational hazard prevention and control was obtained, which can provide theoretical reference and guidance for enterprise occupational safety investigation, occupational disease prevention and safe and efficient production.