Abstract: In this paper, study was carried out on the influence of the geometric characteristics and temperature inversion of the open pit mine upon its dust accumulation by using the method of computational fluid mechanics. The study results showed that the temperature inversion phenomenon hindered the outward diffusion of the dust generated in the open pit mine, and this was an important cause of dust pollution in the open pit mine; the formation mechanism of the temperature inversion can better explain the phenomenon why the dust concentraion in the open pit mine was high in the winter and spring and low in the summer and autumn; the Froude number can be used for evaluating the influence of the temperature inversion on the dust diffusion in the open pit mine, and based on the sensitivity analysis, it can be concluded that the temperature inversion strength was the main influence factor determining the dust diffusion in the open pit mine; when frequent temperature inversion caused the dust in open pit mine to hardly spread out, only reducing dust discharge of a certain operation link can not avoid the mine dust pollution. So the control of dust pollution in the open pit mine needs to proceed from the perspective of the whole mine and rearrange the dust suupression operation according to the temperature inversion characteristics so that the increase of dust concentration can be controlled.