Abstract: By collecting the cases of heavy coal mine accidents occurred from 2001 to 2016, the direct and indirect causes of coal mine accidents were analyzed. Five influencing factors, including group pressure, manager attitude, equipments and facilities, complex environment and organizational management, were selected to clarify the correlation coefficient between unsafe behaviors of coal mine employees and various influencing factors by using structural equation model (SEM). Direct effect value, indirect effect value and total effect value of each potential variable were calculated to identify the index that with the largest effect on unsafe behavior of coal mine employees. The research shows that under the coupling effect of various factors, the equipments and facilities have the greatest influence on the unsafe behavior of coal miners, and group pressure is the primary external cause. Therefore, it is urgent for coal mine enterprises to strengthen the anti-pressure ability of employees and reduce or even curb the influence of objective factors on the unsafe behaviors of coal mine employees.