Abstract: In order to study the relationship between ethical leadership and miners' counterproductive behavior and reduce the incidence of accidents due to human actor in coal mines, the data from the surveys of four coal mining enterprises in Shanxi Province were used, the work pressure was introduced as a mediator variable, and the structural equation model method was used to explore the mechanism of ethical leadership, work pressure and miners' counterproductive behavior. The results show that ethical leadership has a significant negative correlation with the job characteristics, organizational management, work helplessness of the miners' work pressure and their counterproductive behavior; work pressure is significantly positively correlated with miners' counterproductive behavior; work pressure plays a part of mediating role in the relationship between ethical leadership and miners' counterproductive behavior.