Abstract: To aim at the geological characteristics of the mountainous terrain and the fold-controlled strata of coal resources distribution in western Chongqing area, the possibility of applying 2D seismic method to explore the mountainous coal resources was verified by using the wave equation modeling. The prestack inverse-time migration imaging was applied for selecting an observation system suitable for the geological characteristics of the working area, evaluation was carried out on this observation system by the seismic illumination analysis, and the partial encryption shot-point in the uneven energy region of the anticline axis improved the imaging accuracy of underground complex structures. This technology has the important role and guiding significance for improving the quality of seismic acquisition data in complex areas.