Abstract: In view of the problem of high pressure and difficult maintenance of the roadway when mining thick coal seam in lower layer, Haihong Coal Mine was selected as the engineering background, by combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test, the layout of the 52102 mining roadway of lower layer in 5 ^# thick coal seam of Haihong Coal Mine was studied. Based on the comparison and analysis of three common layout modes of the roadway when mining thick coal seam in lower layer (vertical, internal dislocation and external dislocation), combined with the simulation results of mechanical response of surrounding rock under these three kinds of roadway layouts, it was determined that the optimal layout mode of mining roadway in 52102 working face was internal dislocation. Based on this, a simplified model of roof mechanics was constructed to derive mathematical expressions of roadway forces and bending moments. The stability of roadway surrounding rock was analyzed and field test was carried out. The results show that the effect of internal dislocation layout of mining roadway in 52102 working face is good, and the non-uniform stress of surrounding rock of roadway is the main factor influencing the stability of roadway. The deformation of surrounding rock can be effectively controlled when the internal dislocation distance is 9 m. The results of the study have certain guiding significance for rational layout of roadway when mining thick coal seam in lower layer.