Abstract: The gas adsorption, desorption and diffusion process on coal was analyzed theoretically, Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used to calculate the adsorption calorific value of coal body at different temperatures. Using fick's law, the diffusion coefficient and kinetic diffusion parameters of coal gas at different temperatures were solved, and the relationship among them and temperature was studied, the activation energy in the gas desorption process of coal body was calculated by Arrhenius correction formula. The results show that the gas adsorption decreases with the increase of adsorption temperature, the initial effective diffusion coefficient and kinetic diffusion parameter are positively correlated with gas desorption temperature, using the Arrhenius correction formula, the desorption diffusion activation energy of the experimental coal sample is calculated to be 2.71 kJ/mol. The effects of temperature on gas adsorption and desorption characteristics were studied from three aspects of adsorption thermodynamics, desorption kinetics and molecular activation energy, which provided some basic theoretical support for engineering practice.