Abstract: In view of the problem that the mining disturbance has a great influence on surrounding rock of the coal mining in Jinhuagong Coal Mine, to determine the deformation law of the surrounding rock during the mining process is the precondition of studying the failure mechanism of the surrounding rock. In this paper,the method of similar material simulation was adopted to analyze the deformation, failure and collapse of multi-seam mining overburden and the stress distribution of surrounding rock stress. The systematic research of the interaction between complex stress field, displacement field and coal seam was carried out by numerical simulation. The results showed that the supporting pressure was up to 14.2 MPa and the stress concentration coefficient was 1.6 at 5 m in the front of the 8714 working face of the coal seam in the multi-seam mining process. The stress of the neighboring 2714 roadway was about 12.8 MPa, the stress concentration coefficient was 1.5, and the influence range was 15 m. The conclusion showed that the 8716 working face of the 11^# coal seam was affected by the 8714 working face of the upper coal seam, the lateral bearing pressure of the coal seam and the pressure of the advanced bearing, and finally the 5716 lane was in the dynamic high stress state, the surrounding rock had sustained destabilizing damage.