Abstract: In this paper,analysis was made on the characteristics of coal resource distribution and ecological environment in Xinjiang Region.Based on the analysis of the occurence features of coal seams and mining technologies in coal mining areas in Xinjiang Region,analysis was also carried out on the primary typical ecological environmental issues caused by coal mining activities,including the distruction to the regional water resources,the distruction to the soil and land resources,and the distruction to the surface vegetation as well as the typical coal spontaneous combustion.Some countermeasures and suggestions for solving and mitigating the above-mentioned issues were put forward from the aspect of policy and technology so as to gradually and efficiently solve them.