Abstract: In view of the problems such as excessively long air flow path, large ventilation resistance and concentration of air volume in the mine single-wing ventilation system, according to the literature and field investigation, the formation reason of the single-wing ventilation system was analyzed and the common problems were found. Taking Yuncheng Coal Mine in Shandong Province as an example, the Ventsim mine 3D simulation system was used to build the 3D simulation model of the mine single-wing ventilation system, and the measured data of mine ventilation was substituted into the established model for verification, by optimizing the single-wing ventilation system of Yuncheng Coal Mine, the optimized results of total ventilation resistance, wind speed of return air roadway and return wind doorway were obtained.