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柔模混凝土支护无煤柱开采技术研究进展及展望

Research progress and prospects of non-pillar mining technology with flexible formwork concrete support

  • 摘要: 传统留设护巷煤柱工艺易诱发矿井冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出、采空区突水等动力灾害,是长期制约煤矿安全高效开采的共性行业难题。针对该难题,基于近20年产学研联合攻关成果,开展了无煤柱开采技术与装备体系的系统性研究,先后迭代研发出六代预成型、自成型、轻质高强三维纺织结构柔模材料,开发了柔模混凝土支护技术,创新构建了涵盖端头区躲锚防护、过渡区铺网护顶、采空区挡矸切顶、待浇筑空间挂模支护、留巷段加强支护与超前段临时支护的“六位一体”成套支护装备系统。基于上述材料与装备体系,进一步开发了沿空留巷、沿空留墙、沿空掘巷和沿空预掘巷4类柔模无煤柱开采技术,该技术体系可从源头上规避留设护巷煤柱诱发的各类矿井动力灾害,实现煤炭资源的安全、高效、绿色开采,对推动我国无煤柱开采技术的规模化应用具有重要支撑作用。

     

    Abstract: The conventional practice of leaving coal pillars for roadway protection can readily induce dynamic disasters such as rockbursts,coal and gas outbursts,and goaf water inrush,which has long been a common challenge constraining safe and efficient coal mining. To address this challenge,based on the achievements of industry-university-research collaboration over the past two decades, systematic research on non-pillar mining technology and equipment systems has been conducted. Six generations of flexible formwork materials-preformed,self-forming,lightweight,high-strength,and three-dimensional textile-structured—have been successively and iteratively developed, and flexible formwork concrete support technology has been established. An innovative “six-in-one” integrated support equipment system has been constructed,covering anchor-avoidance protection in the end zone,mesh-laying roof protection in the transition zone,gangue-blocking and roof-cutting in the goaf, formwork-hanging support in the space to be poured,strengthened support in the retained roadway section,and temporary support in the advance section. Based on the above material and equipment systems,four types of flexible formwork non-pillar mining technologies have been further developed:gob-side entry retaining,gob-side retaining wall,gob-side entry driving,and gob-side pre-driving. This technology system can fundamentally avoid various mine dynamic disasters induced by leaving protective coal pillars,thereby enabling safe,efficient,and green mining of coal resources and providing important support for promoting the large-scale application of non-pillar mining technology in China.

     

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