Abstract: To address the deformation control problem of U-shaped steel arch supports in large-section roadways in Huainan deep coal mines,this study developed both a numerical model for the stress distribution of surrounding rock and a parametric finite element model of the arch support. The coupling effects of three key cross-sectional parameters—column leg angle,width-to-height ratio,and curvature ratio—on support deformation were systematically investigated. The results show that the stress in the surrounding rock increases linearly with burial depth and roof thickness,with burial depth exerting a more significant influence on support stress. The simplified model and the overlap model exhibited consistent deformation and stress distribution characteristics,confirming their suitability for analyzing the coupling effects of geometric parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the orthogonal experiments indicated that the width-to-height ratio had the most pronounced effect on support deformation,followed by the curvature ratio and the column leg angle,with a significant interaction observed between the width-to-height ratio and the column leg angle. Parameter effect analysis revealed complex nonlinear coupling relationships among the parameters. Increasing the width-to-height ratio significantly suppressed deformation, although this effect was modulated by the column leg angle. The deformation-suppressing effect of the curvature ratio was more evident under low width -to-height ratio conditions. The column leg angle exhibited an optimal range of 70° to 85°,with its optimal value shifting toward lower angles as the width-to-height ratio increased. Under a 1. 5 MPa pressure condition,the optimal parameter combination was determined as a width-to-height ratio of 1. 75,a curvature ratio of 0. 5,and a column leg angle of 80°,corresponding to a minimum deformation of 4. 79 mm. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of U-shaped steel arch supports in deep roadways.