Abstract: This study reviews the development history of China's coal mine safety monitoring systems and systematically elaborates research progress on key technologies related to perception, transmission, and application software in existing safety monitoring systems. In response to emerging demands for coal mine safety production and technological development trends, a novel cloud-edge-end intelligent and digital monitoring system architecture is proposed. This framework specifies that the edge side of the system should achieve multi-modal accurate perception, the edge layer should enable localized regional risk identification and control, and the cloud layer should be responsible for intelligent monitoring and early warning across the entire mine. The study explores future directions for critical technologies such as disaster digital twin modeling, area-wide holographic perception, full-IP sensor network construction, multi-modal learning, synchronized simulation, and risk analysis and mitigation. These advancements provide new insights for enhancing the intelligent level of coal mine safety.