Abstract: Coal dust explosion is one of the main modes of thermal power disaster in underground coal mine, and it is coupled with gas buildup in the roadway to form compound disaster. At present, the prevention and control of coal dust explosion disaster mainly includes passive explosion suppression technology and active explosion suppression technology. Under the background of intelligent construction in coal mines, the application conditions of traditional passive explosion suppression water sheds are limited, which cannot fully meet the needs of accurate, effective and intelligent disaster prevention and control. Mechanical explosion suppression technology, active explosion suppression technology and explosion area joint control technology have good prospects for promotion and application. On this basis, considering the complex environment of underground coal mine and the disaster-causing process of coal dust explosion propagation, the technical bottleneck problems including regional joint control technical requirements of explosion suppression devices, accurate perception of explosion information and comprehensive judgment of threshold value, the relationship between explosion propagation energy and the dosage of explosion suppressive agent, and application specifications of mechanical explosion suppression devices are analyzed in a summarized manner, which providing further research ideas for improving the applicability and reliability of technical equipment for explosion prevention and control.