Abstract: Under the strategic background of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", coal mine gas emission reduction, as a key area of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emission reduction in China, is becoming increasingly important. The direct combustion technology of low concentration gas has become a current research hotspot due to its advantages of small occupied area, low construction and operation costs, and high heat recovery efficiency. This study systematically expounds the theoretical research progress and engineering application status of low-concentration gas combustion and utilization technology. Based on the mature experience of natural gas premixed combustion technology, it deeply analyzes the main safety risks of porous medium combustion technology and metal fiber combustion technology in the application of low concentration gas. A systematic solution has been proposed to address the technical difficulties of high gas concentration fluctuations, high water and dust content in coal mine gas extraction. This solution covers the selection of safe combustion modes for low concentration gas, design of combustion head structures, gas purification, monitoring and control, and management. It is expected to provide reference for the in-depth research and engineering promotion and application of the safe combustion and utilization technology of low-concentration gas.