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不同土壤改良剂对露天煤矿重构土壤养分及酶活性的影响

The influence of different soil conditioners on the reconstruction of soil nutrients and enzyme activities in open-pit coal mines

  • 摘要: 为研究酒糟、玉米芯和腐殖酸钠3种土壤改良剂对露天煤矿重构土壤养分及酶活性的影响,以内蒙古东部地区扎哈淖尔露天矿剥离物为研究对象,分析不同改良剂重构土壤的养分和酶活性变化特征。采用逐步回归分析法,建立不同改良剂条件下土壤养分与土壤酶活性之间的响应关系,通过单因素方差分析法对不同改良剂条件下的土壤养分、酶活性与其影响因子进行差异性分析。研究结果表明,酒糟会显著增加土壤速效态养分含量及酶活性,其中单位质量土壤中酒糟添加量为12.0 g/kg的试验组(C组)为最优,土壤中碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾质量分数分别增高了20.18%、32.10%、13.86%,土壤酶活性变化区间为-16.9%~398.1%。玉米芯是一种较好的矿山剥离物改良剂,其对过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶4种土壤酶活性提升均有正向影响,促使酶活性提高,玉米芯与酒糟混合使用可以有效提升4种土壤酶活性。“酒糟12.0 g/kg+玉米芯12.0 g/kg”为最佳的土壤改良剂质量配比,碱解氮含量主要受酶活性影响,土壤在添加酒糟后酶活性主要影响碱解氮含量,在酒糟中加入玉米芯后酶活性主要影响钾元素含量,在酒糟中加入腐殖酸钠后酶活性主要影响速效磷含量。

     

    Abstract: To study the effects of three soil conditioners,namely distiller' s grains,corn cobs and sodium humate,on the nutrients and enzyme activities of reconstructed soil in open-pit coal mines,the muck from the Zahanaoer open-pit mine in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia were taken as the research object to analyze the variation characteristics of nutrients and enzyme activities in the reconstructed soil by different conditioners. The response relationship between soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities under different conditioner conditions was established by stepwise regression analysis. The differences in soil nutrients, enzyme activities and their influencing factors under different conditioner conditions were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The research results show that distiller's grains can significantly increase the content of available nutrients and enzyme activities in the soil. Among them,the experimental group (Group C) with an addition amount of 12. 0 g/kg of distiller's grains per unit mass of soil is the optimal. The mass fractions of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil increased by 20. 18%,32. 10% and 13. 86% respectively,and the variation range of soil enzyme activities was-16. 9% to 398. 1%. Corn cob is a relatively good mineral muck agent, which has a positive effect on enhancing the activities of four soil enzymes,namely catalase,phosphatase,sucrase and urease,promoting the increase of enzyme activities. Mixing corn cob with distiller's grains can effectively enhance the activity of four soil enzymes. "Distiller's grains 12. 0 g/kg+ corn cob 12. 0 g/kg" is the optimal mass ratio of soil conditioner. The content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen is mainly affected by enzyme activity. The enzyme activity of soil after adding distiller' s grains mainly affects the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen. After adding corn cob into distiller' s grains,the enzyme activity mainly affects the content of potassium. After adding sodium humate into distiller's grains,the enzyme activity mainly affects the content of available phosphorus.

     

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