Abstract: In order to reasonably and effectively guide listed coal mining enterprises to strengthen safety management and improve economic benefits, 29 listed coal mining enterprises were selected as the analysis samples.Based on safety investment data from 2013 to 2022, fixed effect models and regulatory effect models were used to explore the relationship between safety investment and economic benefits of listed coal mining enterprises. Internal control variables were introduced to study their regulatory effects.The results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between safety investment and economic benefits in listed coal mining enterprises in China, and internal control has a significant negative regulatory effect on the relationship between safety investment and economic benefits in listed coal mining enterprises.To further promote the sustainablity and an efficient development of listed coal mining enterprises in China, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions have been proposed based on the research results.