Abstract: In order to clarify the soil fertility status and spatial distribution characteristics under the action of multiple factors such as different parent materials and ecological restoration methods in closed open-pit coal mines in alpine areas, using the methods of correlation analysis, membership function, principal component analysis and zoning inverse distance, this paper analyzed the soil fertility status and spatial variation characteristics of Lingquan closed open-pit coal mine pit and external dump. The plant diversity in different fertility areas was statistically analyzed, and suitable ecological restoration plants were recommended. The results show that the level of soil fertility in the study area is mostly medium and low. The soil with good fertility is mainly distributed in the areas with soil covering measures, good soil parent material conditions or artificial ecological restoration. Annual pioneer plants such as rape and oats are planted in the tertiary fertility area, legumes such as alfalfa and shrubs resistant to barren and stress such as seabuckthorn are planted in the secondary fertility area, and plants are selected in the primary fertility area according to the principle of near nature and taking into account economic benefits.