Abstract: In order to better explain the causes of gas explosion accidents, the causal factors were analyzed from the qualitative and quantitative perspectives, and the logical relationship, evolution path and attribute characteristics among the causal factors of gas explosion accidents were deeply discussed. Firstly, through the statistical analysis of many accident cases, 30 causal factors of gas explosion accident were extracted from the macro, meso and micro levels. Then, DEMATEL method was used to quantitatively analyze the interaction between the causal factors, and combined with ISM-MICMAC method, through the multi-level hierarchical structure division of the cause, the cause elements, result elements, root elements and the attribute characteristics of each element were explored. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures were put forward. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for preventing gas explosion accidents.