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等离子体致裂煤岩增透技术及研究进展

Technology and research progress of plasma induced coal and rock cracking and antireflection

  • 摘要: 高效增透是解决非常规天然气(煤层气、页岩气、致密气等)开采及降低瓦斯灾害事故发生概率的关键,以物理放电为基础的等离子体具有能量密度大、破坏性强、温度高、重复性可靠、致裂范围可控等特征,受到业界高度关注。从电破碎和液电效应2种等离子体作用方式出发,系统地回顾了等离子体致裂增透煤岩技术的研究进展;从致裂原理、对煤岩体微观孔隙和宏观裂隙结构的作用效果等多个角度,对比分析了电破碎和液电效应的不同;研究了等离子体对原位条件下煤体渗透率的影响规律;总结出电破碎和液电效应2种作用方式在致裂煤岩领域的应用现状,指明了当前等离子体在非常规天然气开采领域中的瓶颈问题,并提出等离子体与其他增透措施进行联合使用的新思路。

     

    Abstract: Efficient antireflection is the key to solve the exploitation of unconventional natural gas (coalbed methane, shale gas, tight gas, etc.) and reduce the probability of gas disaster accidents. Plasma based on physical discharge is characterized by high energy density, strong destructiveness, high temperature, reliable repeatability, controllable crack range, which has attracted great attention. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of plasma induced coal and rock cracking and antireflection technology from two modes of electrical crushing and hydroelectrical effect; the differences between electrical crushing and hydroelectrical effect are compared and analyzed from the perspectives of fracture principle, effect on micro pore and macro fracture structure of coal and rock mass; furthermore, the influence of plasma on coal permeability under in-situ conditions is studied; in addition, the application status of electric fracturing and hydro-electric effect in the field of fracturing coal and rock is summarized, and the bottleneck problem of plasma in the field of unconventional natural gas exploitation is pointed out, and a new idea of combined use of plasma and other antireflection measures is proposed.

     

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