Abstract: This paper introduces the accumulation situation of coal gangue in China, and summarizes the comprehensive utilization status of coal gangue from the following aspects: coal gangue for adsorption material, coal gangue for construction material, coal gangue for chemical products and fertilizer, coal gangue for power generation and backfill, etc.; the environmental pollution of water, air and land caused by coal gangue accumulation is also analyzed, and the way and technology of coal gangue backfilling treatment associated with coal mine production are expounded. In view of the environmental protection problems in the process of coal mining, the relevant national policies and typical environmental impact assessment approval are summarized. The purpose is to clarify the problems of coal gangue environmental pollution control, comprehensive utilization and future development direction, promote the effective treatment process of coal gangue in China, and improve the ecological environment of mining areas.