Abstract: In order to study the influencing factors of roadway stability under the condition of coal seam parting, a research method based on decision tree and orthogonal test was put forward. The decision tree algorithm was used to analyze the factors affecting the surrounding rock deformation of roadway containing parting, and the ranking of influence weights of relevant factors was obtained. Taking Buertai Coal Mine as the engineering background, a three-factor orthogonal test scheme was designed to obtain the surrounding rock deformation law of roadway under different conditions containing parting.Range analysis and variance analysis were used to determine the influence degree of three factors including parting hardness coefficient, parting layer location and parting thickness on the development of plastic zone and wall displacement of roadway.The results show that the basic parameters of roadway have a significant effect on surrounding rock deformation, while the three factors of parting hardness coefficient, parting layer location and parting thickness have a great effect; the parting strength has a significant influence on the depth of plastic zone development, and the parting thickness has a significant influence on the wall displacement of roadway; when the strength ratio of coal and parting is less than 1, the surrounding rock of roadway is relatively stable. In the field roadway support, attention should be paid to improving the strength of the weak strata and strengthening the support of the weak strata.