Abstract: The structure of anthracite in Bijie(BJ) and Longyan(LY) area was characterized by using proximate analysis and ultimate analysis testing technology, combined with solid nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectroscopy(¹³C-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) scientific methods. The results show that: ①the bridging carbon ratio of BJ anthracite structure is 0.16;the aromatic structure is benzene ring, naphthalene and pyrrole, the numbers of which are 7, 8 and 1 respectively; the aliphatic carbon structure is composed of oxygen-bonded adipose carbon and methyl group, the number of which are 4 and 5 respectively; the heteroatom structure is composed of phenolic hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, pyrrole and thiophenol with all 1, and 4 ethers.②the bridging carbon ratio of LY anthracite structure is 0.29;the aromatic structure is composed of 1 benzene ring, 5 naphthalenes, 4 anthracenes, 1 phenanthrene and 1 pyrrole; the aliphatic carbon structure is composed of oxygen-bonded adipose carbon and methyl group, the n umber of which are 2 and 1 respectively; the heteroatom structure is composed of carbonyl, ether, pyrrole, phenolic hydroxyl and thiophenol, and the corresponding numbers are 2, 2, 1, 1 and 1 respectively. The BJ anthracite(C₁₄₈H₇₅O₈NS) and LY anthracite (C₁₅₂H₇₇O₅NS) macromolecular plane structure models are preliminarily constructed. According to its structural model, it is found that the anthracites in BJ and LY areas have great similarity in the two-dimensional layer, and both tend to be graphitized.