Abstract: In order to deeply analyze the regularity and characteristics of coal mine accidents in Anhui Province, taking the coal mine accident data of Anhui Province from 2010 to 2019 as the statistical analysis samples, the evolution law of coal mine accidents in Anhui Province was studied and analyzed from the aspects of coal mine evolution, accident scale grade, accident type, accident spatial and temporal distribution. The results show that:the number of general accidents in Anhui Province accounts for 93.5% of the total number of accidents, effective prevention and control of general accidents is the key to reduce the total number of accidents; the two state-owned key mining groups of Huaibei and Huainan are the key units of mine accident prevention and control in Anhui Province; roof, transportation and mechanical and electrical accidents contribute the most to the total amount of accidents, while gas and water disasters are the key to prevent and control large and above accidents; April to June, August to September, December to the following January are the high incidence periods of coal mine accidents in Anhui Province, before and after shift handover and night shift are the high incidence periods of accidents, and the mining face is the accident prone area; the fatalities in coal mine accidents are mainly coal miners and tunneling workers, mainly people with high working age and low education level. Based on the analysis results of coal mine accidents, the countermeasures to prevent coal mine accidents in Anhui Province under the new situation are put forward, aiming at providing reference for the safety production work of relevant regulatory departments and coal production enterprises.