Abstract: In order to clarify the internal temperature distribution characteristics of spontaneous combustion gangue dump, an automatic temperature monitoring system was established. The thermocouple was used to measure the temperature at different depths of Yinying Coal Mine in Yangquan City in real time. The horizontal and vertical temperature distribution laws inside the gangue dump were analyzed by means of statistical methods. The least square method was used to establish the fitting model between shallow and deep layers, and the goodness of fit test and significance analysis were carried out.The results show that the gangue dump can be divided into three zones in horizontal direction:high temperature zone, medium temperature zone and low temperature zone. The high temperature zone is mainly distributed on the side near the slope, where the temperature at the measuring point increases first and then decreases with the increase of depth, and reaches the peak temperature at a depth of 6.0 m; the maximum temperature of the platform is 667℃, located at the intersection of the horizontal line 6.0 m below the surface and the parallel line 6.0 m below the slope, indicating that the highest spontaneous combustion tendency is 6.0 m from the surface; the unary quadratic model has better fitting effect and significant regression effect, which can be used as an empirical regression formula for using shallow temperature to estimate deep temperature.