Abstract: Safety evaluation is an effective way to discover system risk and improve production safety.The production safety of coal enterprises was analyzed and evaluated by set pair analysis theory.According to the SHEL model and the actual situation of coal enterprises, the risk factors in production were analyzed, and the safety evaluation index system of coal enterprises was ascertained; the entropy method and overweight multiple method were combined to determine the comprehensive weight of each evaluation index, and the safety evaluation model of coal enterprise was constructed based on set pair analysis theory.The index system and evaluation model were applied in five production mines of Pingdingshan Coal Mine Group, the results show that the evaluation results obtained by set pair analysis are basically consistent with the actual situation.