Abstract: Concerning the phenomenon of fire due to frictional heating caused by transmission roller fault in the running process of the belt conveyor, two kinds of optical fiber temperature sensor for different measurement requirements were designed according to the principle of heat conduction, and experimentally tested and analyzed the thermal conductivity sensitivity of the two temperature sensors; the experimental test system platform of 50 m belt conveyor was designed and built, and the simulation test of spatial temperature field data was carried out, based on the data obtained from the simulation experiment, the model of heat transfer between the roller friction point and the shaft temperature, as well as the heat transfer model between the shaft temperature and the optical fiber temperature sensor of the heat pipe were established for fire warning monitoring; roller bearing fault temperature change curve was obtained by simulation test, and derived the temperature rise slope function.It has been demonstrated that the maximum temperature rise slope is used to identify the feasibility of the roller shaft.The research results can provide technological support for early warning of belt conveyor systems in coal mines, ports and other industrial sites.